Chain Abstraction

Chain Abstraction visualized.

Chain abstraction is “a user experience exempt from the manual processes required to interact with multiple chains”. In other words, it refers to eliminating multi-chain friction from users’ experience. Particle Network’s approach to enabling chain abstraction is Universal Accounts, an account-level solution that gives users a unified account and balance across dApps deployed on any chain. For developers, Universal Accounts mean that you can build and deploy dApps on one chain, but serve users from all of them—without requiring bridging, chain switching, or holding multiple gas tokens. Instead of forcing users to bridge assets over to the chain(s) your dApp is deployed on, they can instead use a unified onchain balance to transact on your dApp.

Introduction to Universal Accounts

What are Universal Accounts?

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Why Chain Abstraction Matters

Currently, Web3 is highly fragmented:
  • Users have to manage multiple balances or wallets for different chains.
  • Each chain has its own native gas token (ETH, SOL, BNB, etc.)
  • Bridging assets is complex, time-consuming, and error-prone.
  • dApp developers must redeploy their apps across multiple chains.
Chain abstraction fixes this by shifting complexity away from users and into infrastructure, so users and developers enjoy a consistent experience across the entire ecosystem.

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Key Properties of Universal Accounts’ Chain Abstraction

1. One Account, One Balance, Any Chain
Users interact with dApps through a Universal Account, with a combined balance across ecosystems. 2. Unified Liquidity
Transactions automatically route liquidity behind the scenes, removing the need for bridges or manual swaps. 3. Universal Gas
Users can pay gas fees with any token from any chain, abstracting away the need to hold native gas tokens.

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Want to See Universal Accounts in Action?

Build with Universal Accounts

Start integrating chain abstraction into your dApp.

Try UniversalX

UniversalX is the first chain-agnostic trading platform, built with Universal Accounts.